Urea cycle
The Urea Cycle (also known as the ornithine cycle) is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea (NH2) 2CO from ammonia (NH3). This cycle occurs in ureotelic organisms. The urea cycle converts highly toxic ammonia into urea for immersion. This cycle was the first metabolic cycle to be discovered, five years ago by the discovery of the TCA cycle (Hans Krebs and Kurt Henseleit, 1932). The urea cycle is primarily in the liver and in the kidney, to some degree.
In humans and mammals, approximately 80% of nitrogen is produced in the form of urea emitted, which is produced through a series of reactions in cytosol and mitochondrial matrix of liver cells. These reactions are collectively called the urea cycle or the Krebs-Hensleit cycle.
Ammonia is a poisonous product of nitrogen metabolism that should be removed from our body. The urea cycle or the ornithine cycle changes the extra ammonia in urea in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The urea form, then enters the blood stream, is filtered with the kidney and is ultimately emitted in the urine.
The overall response to the formation of urea from ammonia is as follows:
2 ammonia + CO2 + 3 ATP —> urea + water + 3 ADP
Function
Amino acid synthesis results result in ammonia. All animals need a way to remove this product. Most aquatic creatures, or ammonotelic organisms, separate ammonia without converting it. Ammonia is toxic, but on immersion from aquatic species, it becomes diluted with water outside the organism. Organizations who can not remove Nitrogen as ammonia easily and safely, can convert it into less toxic substances such as urea or uric acid. The urea cycle is mainly in the liver. The urea produced by the liver is then released into the blood stream where it travels to the kidney and is eventually emitted in the urine. In species with birds and most insects, ammonia is converted to uric acid or its urine salts, which is excreted in solid form. Read More
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